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Research

Discussion Papers

Creative PEC’s Discussion Papers are a collection of publications designed to share ideas and foster debate among academics, policymakers and practitioners on creative industries’ evidence and policies. The papers follow an editorial approval process aimed at preserving a pluralism of views whilst maintaining the high academic standards of Creative PEC.

In addition to papers commissioned from our Research Fellows Network, Creative PEC welcomes unsolicited suggestions for Discussion Papers from interested creative industries researchers, policymakers and practitioners. Those wishing to propose a topic or submit a Discussion Paper for possible publication should contact the Editor of the Creative PEC Discussion Paper Series, Prof Giorgio Fazio.

The papers go through a selection and approval process within Creative PEC and may be reviewed by an external reviewer if they are of a sensitive nature, however, they are not classed as peer reviewed and can also be submitted to other academic outlets for consideration and undergo changes based on subsequent editorial and peer-review processes.

Disclaimer

All Discussion Papers are published subject to editorial discretion. Any views and interpretations expressed in Creative PEC Discussion Papers lie solely with the author(s) and should not be understood as being shared by Creative PEC, its staff (including the Editor of the Series), Newcastle University, the RSA, or the AHRC.

Demand for Creativity and AI Skills in the Post-ChatGPT Labour Market

Demand for Creativity and AI Skills in the Post-ChatGPT Labour Market

Author:

This study examines the evolving relationship between employer demand for creativity and AI skills i…

Antiques - Vasilis Caravitis

Regional Trade Agreements, Cultural Provisions and Trade in Cultural Goods

Author:

Analysing the impact of Regional Trade Agreements on the bilateral trade of cultural goods from 1999…

metal wire art installation - courtesy of Alina Grubnyak

International Trade Challenges and the Effectiveness of Support Measures for the UK’s Creative Industries

Author: Prof Jun Du, Dr Oleksandr Shepotylo and Dr Meng Song

The formidable challenges confronting the UK’s creative industries in the realm of exports, st…

High Street

Northern England’s Creative Industries

Author: Eliza Easton, Hasan Bakhshi, Andy Haldane, Heather Carey, Salvatore di Novo, Annie Gascoyne, Tom Kenyon, Jonathan Sapsed and Josh Siepel

The Creative Industries are already a driver of growth across the UK economy. Export-intensive and m…

Side of building with artwork of man and a robin

Creative Destruction? Creative firms, workers and residential gentrification

Author: Dr Tasos Kitsos, Dr Max Nathan and Dr Diana Gutierrez Posada

A new study by Tasos Kitsos, Max Nathan, and Diana Gutierrez-Posada finds only a minor influence of …

Family watching a tablet

Speaking with One Voice

Author:Creative PEC

A fundamental remit of the BBC, and other public service broadcasters (PSBs) like ITV and Channel 4,…

Dance performance

Transitioning to Sustainable Production across the UK Theatre Sector

Author: Prof Dr Roberta Mock

This discussion paper examines transitional pathways to sustainable theatre production in the UK. By…

clothes hanging on rail

Identifying and analysing UK fashion micro-clusters

Author: Dr Dawn Ellams, Professor Susan Postlethwaite, Dr Patrizia Casadei and Dr Jorge Velez-Ospina

The UK’s Fashion and Textiles industry contributed almost £20 billion to the UK economy in 202…

Tree close up in a forest

Net Zero as a catalyst in fashion micro and small enterprises

Author: Professor Dilys Williams, Dr Mila Burcikova and Professor Sandy Black

This report identifies examples of work taking place across three levels of change – social, e…

Union Jacks over Portobello Road, London

The Motives of Inbound Foreign Direct Investors in the UK Creative Industries

Author: Dr Jonathan Jones and Dr Sara Maioli

The UK’s creative industries have a global reach. British arts, technology, and design are internati…

EU Flags on flag poles

Brexit uncertainty and international trade in services: Evidence from the UK creative industries 2014-2019

Author: Prof Jun Du, Dr Oleksandr Shepotylo and Dr Emine Beyza Satoglu

This discussion paper is based on one of the first studies to look at the impact of Brexit on the Cr…

Arts centre

Working Together – Cooperatives as a creative industry business model

Author: PEC

This authors looks at how creative workers and students typically understand cooperatives, explore t…

Music Concert

Building sustainable regional music industry clusters

Author: Dr Allan Watson

This report looks at the role the creative industries can play for the Levelling Up agenda, as well …

Monkey sign on lamp post

Crypto art and questions of value

Author: Dr Eva Nieto McAvoy and Dr Jenny Kidd

Crypto Art is a novel, emerging creative form that is entirely digital, and native to the internet. …

Music concert

Live music ecologies in the UK: A local perspective in the context of the pandemic

Author: Patrycja Rozbicka, Adam Behr and Craig Hamilton

In 2019, the UK’s live music sector was valued at over £1.3 billion. After almost a decade of strong…

Buidling

The role of the university in enhancing creative clusters

Author: Dr James Davies and Dr Matt Lyons

Universities are important for driving growth in their local creative industries. At the same time, …

Millennium Bridge

Creative clusters and sparse spaces: Manchester’s creative industries and the geographies of deprivation and prosperity

Author: Professor Bruce Tether

The aim of this paper is to ‘take stock’ of the creative industries in Manchester and to explore the…

Coastal village arial image

Creative industries innovation in seaside resorts and country towns

Author: Lucy McFadzean, Gabriella Giannachi and Joanne Evans

Read our four page policy brief for key recommendations based on this research: Insights for Policym…

Person throwing paper areoplane

What distinguishes creative industry exporters? And does engaging in innovation, R&D and design matter?

Author: Professor Bruce Tether and Xiaoxiao Yu

Post-Brexit, the UK government is keen to accelerate UK exporting, including in creative goods and s…

TV Studio

The nature of foreign direct investment in the creative industries

Author: Professor Giorgio Fazio and Dr Jonathan Jones

For the host country receiving the investment, there is a wealth of evidence that FDI can increase p…

Stack of news papers

Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on the arts and cultural sector: British newspaper reporting of the Culture Recovery Fund

Author: Dr Eva Nieto McAvoy and Professor Stuart Allan

Newspapers covered many of the impacts of COVID-19, from the psychological strain of lockdown isolat…

Woman relaxing watching her laptop. With a cat

Culture in quarantine? Cultural institutions’ uses of Twitter during lockdown

Author: Dr Jenny Kidd and Dr Eva Nieto McAvoy

Cultural institutions, such as museums and galleries, are important for local communities. They are …

Wall art

The relationships between cultural organisations and local creative industries in the context of a cultural district

Author: Natalia Vartapetova, Harry Fisher-Jones and Christie Lam

This Discussion Paper was commissioned by the Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre (PEC) a…

Circuit board close up

Starving the golden goose? Access to finance for innovators in the creative industries

Author: Dr Salvatore Di Novo, Professor Giorgio Fazio, Professor Jonathan Sapsed and Dr Josh Siepel

Please note: this paper has been accepted in Journal of Cultural Economics, DOI: 10.1007/s10824…

People writing notes

What is the public value of public service broadcasting?

Author: PEC

This question has long been a subject of lively debate, bringing together the competing priorities o…

Pink interior with blue plant

Pivot to digital: How museums and galleries responded to COVID-19

Author: Dr Jenny Kidd, Dr Eva Nieto McAvoy and Dr Ania Ostrowska

As the UK went into full lockdown in March 2020, museums and galleries were faced with the prospect …

Plane wing

Creative firms and trade

Author: Dr Salvatore Di Novo, Professor Giorgio Fazio and Dr Sara Maioli

The implications for policymakers emerging from this work are explored in our Policy Briefing: …

image of person sifting through box of vinyl records

A review of creative trade in the economics literature

Author: Professor Giorgio Fazio

This paper summarises the key research and models for creative trade. Starting with a general overvi…

abstract artwork

The UK’s international creative trade: A review of the official data sources

Author: Professor Giorgio Fazio, Dr Salvatore Di Novo, ​Dr Sara Maioli, Professor Jonathan Sapsed and Dr Wessel Vermeulen

There is a growing recognition among policy makers and governments around the world of the importanc…

Adventure Island

Growth through skills: Lessons from the Thames Estuary Production Corridor

Author: Lesley Giles and Heather Carey

This discussion paper is a case study for how to drive growth within creative clusters through inves…

Front of a shop

Do creative industries generate multiplier effects? Evidence from UK cities 1997-2018

Author: Dr Diana Gutierrez Posada, Dr Tasos Kitsos, Dr Max Nathan and Dr Massimiliano Nuccio

A paper examing the long-term impacts of the creative industries on surrounding urban economies

image of Liverpool street during European capital of culture event

The European Capital of Culture: A review of the academic evidence

Author: Oriane Nermond, ​Dr Neil Lee and Professor Dave O’Brien

A literature review & policy implications of the impact of the Capital of Culture on local economies

image of interior of library - courtesy of Luke Tanis

R&D, design and innovation: Examining the links in the creative industries

Author: Professor Bruce Tether

This paper provides policymakers, academics, and creative industry organisations with one of the fir…

Neon sign

The emergence of platform regulation in the UK

Author: Professor Martin Kretschmer, Ula Furgal and ​Professor Philip Schlesinger

A discussion paper examining the emerging field of platform regulation in the UK

Image of country house - courtesy of Kenny Orr

Creating value in place

Author: Professor Nick Henry, Dr Victoria Barker, Paul Sissons, Dr Kevin Broughton, Peter Dickinson, Jordan Lazell and Dr Tim Angus

The role, contribution and challenges of creative freelance work The creative industries are incredi…

picture of old portable TV sat in gap in stone wall - courtesy of Shubham Verma

The challenges facing freelancers in Scottish Film and TV

Author: Dr Alistair Scott and Dr Neil Davidson

An analysis of 45 years of data from the Film Bang directory COVID-19’s effect on the creative indus…

image of theatre sign - advertising Micheal Jacksons Thriller

Comparative analysis of pay and conditions: London’s West End and New York’s Broadway

Author: Dr Eva Nieto McAvoy and Dr Jenny Kidd

This discussion paper feeds into our wider research on freelancers, considering the employment condi…

aerial shot of open pages of books - courtesy of Patrick Tomasso

Evolution and trends of creative cluster research

Author: ​Martha Bloom, ​Dr Roberto Camerani, Dr Patrizia Casadei, ​Dr Monica Masucci, Dr Josh Siepel and Dr Jorge Velez-Ospina

A systematic literature review and future research agenda The geographical clustering of creative an…

image of people playing saxophone - courtesy of Jens Thekkeveettil

International creative students: their significance for UK universities, regions and the creative industries

Author: Dr Wessel Vermeulen, Dr Salvatore Di Novo and Professor Giorgio Fazio

Assessing the value of higher education has become a divisive issue, in particular, the use of gradu…

image architect drawing on scroll of planning - courtesy of Daniel McCullough

A skills monitor for the Creative Industries

Author: Dr Alistair Scott and Dr Neil Davidson

Workplace perspectives: skill needs, mismatches and development in the Creative Industries This Crea…

image of crucible theatre Sheffield - courtesy of Gary Butterfield

Relatedness between the Creative Industries and the wider economy: A primer

Author: ​​Dr Neil Lee

The Creative Industries are seen as an key part of the knowledge economy, and policymakers inve…

Measuring the creative economy: A guide for policymakers

Measuring the creative economy: A guide for policymakers

Author:

Policy debates on the creative industries are mired in ambiguities and inconsistencies in terminolog…

image of potter at wheel

Skills, talent and diversity in the creative industries: critical issues and evidence gaps

Author: Dr Alistair Scott and Dr Neil Davidson

Following a nine-month evidence synthesis and scoping exercise undertaken by the PEC team leading on…

woman looking a artwork on wall - courtesy of Matthew Kwong

Immersive experiences in museums, galleries and heritage sites: a review of research findings and issues

Author: Dr Eva Nieto McAvoy and Dr Jenny Kidd

Interest in immersive experiences in museums and heritage sites has increased in recent years in res…

image of Angel of the North Gateshead - courtesy of Anthony Winter

Mind the gap: regional inequalities in the UK’s creative industries

Author: ​​Professor Bruce Tether

Using official Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) Economic Estimates, this Disc…

Author

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